The Release of Total Metal Ion and Genotoxicity of Stainless Steel Brackets: Experimental Study Using Micronucleus Assay
BACKGROUND: Stainless steel brackets are composed of various metal that may corrode in oral cavity.Corrosion is caused by the release of metal ions such as chromium, nickel, and iron.The release of metal ions can cause adverse effects such as toxicity, allergic, and mutagenicity.To evaluate the biocompatibility of stainless steel brackets, micronuc